What is Column?

• We knew that in a framed structure A vertical structural member which can transmit the load from the slab, beam along with its self-weight to the foundation is called column.

Why we provide column?

• Columns carry axial loads and therefore are designed for compression.
• Other loads from snow, wind or other horizontal forces can cause bending in the columns.
• We shall build up a small size structure by RR masonry at a certain height but the multi-story building cannot be constructed by RR masonry because the structure can able to transmit the heavy load to the foundation.
• Basically, a column designed to distribute the compressive axial load & additional forces like snow, wind to the foundation eventually & it could be sustained the structure even in the earthquake or any other force majeure.

Column- Based on Shape & Reinforcement

1. Square/Rectangular Column
2. Composite/Encased Column
3. Circular Column
4. Y Type Column
5. T Type Column
6. L Type Column

Square/Rectangular Column

• Most of the building structure was constructed by square or rectangular column. Significantly both are having same components and it is differ based on its architect view.
• These type of column was economically good and easy to do shuttering, placing reinforcement & Concrete.

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Composite/Encased Column

• A vertical structural element, with a combination of steel section & concrete it is called as encased or composite column.
• The composite column mostly provided for truss structure to avoid the steel corroded by any type of chemical.

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Circular Column

• The bending resistant is higher than square/rectangular column.
• It occupies the lesser area.
• Square/rectangular column reinforcement minimum 4 nos of steel will be places in the corner but in a circular column provide more than 4 nos.
• Mostly in building circular column provided for the aesthetic purpose.
• Economically it is little high to compare to square or rectangular column.

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Y-type Column

• These type of column mostly using for bridges construction.
• The design of bridges to sustain the dead load of the structure & live load of the vehicle motion, the load was eventually distributed to the column.

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T-type Column

• These type of column having same features like square/Rectangular type column.
• Mostly it was provided along with retaining wall or boundary wall based on design requirement.

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L-type Column

• The L type column has used in boundary wall construction and heavy type L column was used in the turning of metro rail or bridges construction.

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Column- Based on Load

1. Axial Load Column
2. Uniaxial Load Column
3. Bi-Axial Load Column
4. Eccentric Load Column

Axial Load Column

• The entire load passes through the centre axis of the column which coincides with the X-axis, it is called Axial Load.
• The load shall be either compression or tensile load.

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Uniaxial Load Column

• The eccentric load act on either X axis or Y axis it is called Uni axial load column.

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Bi-Axial Load Column

• The eccentric load act on either X axis or Y axis it is called Uni axial load column.

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Eccentric Load Column

• The load shall pass parallel to the centre axis of the member but act on its cross-section that’s called Eccentric load.

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Column- Based on Slenderness Ratio

• The length of the column divided by its radius of gyration, it is called slenderness ratio of the column.
• The slenderness ratio is used to find out the buckling stress of the column.

1. Long Column
2. Short Column

Long Column

• Slenderness ratio of the column is greater than 12 it is called long column.
• The column may fail on both compression & buckling load.

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Short Column

• Slenderness ratio of the column is less than 12 it is called short column.
• The sort column may fail by compression stress.

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